ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

What condition causes abdominal bloating and flatulence without diarrhea?

1. Lactose intolerance

2. Diverticulitis

3. Gastritis

4. Peptic ulcer disease

The correct answer is: Lactose intolerance

Lactose intolerance is a condition where the body lacks sufficient levels of lactase, the enzyme necessary to properly digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. When individuals with lactose intolerance consume dairy, the undigested lactose reaches the colon, where it is fermented by bacteria. This fermentation process produces gases, leading to symptoms such as abdominal bloating and flatulence. Notably, diarrhea is not always a feature of lactose intolerance; instead, symptoms can vary widely in severity, and many individuals may experience bloating and gas without diarrhea. The other conditions listed typically present with different symptom patterns. Diverticulitis is characterized by abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits, often leading to diarrhea or constipation. Gastritis generally presents with symptoms such as upper abdominal discomfort, nausea, and sometimes vomiting, but it typically is not associated primarily with bloating and flatulence without other gastrointestinal symptoms. Peptic ulcer disease also tends to present with pain and discomfort and may lead to complications such as bleeding, but it does not primarily cause bloating and flatulence as its main features. Therefore, the association of abdominal bloating and flatulence specifically with lactose intolerance makes it the most appropriate answer.