ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

What electrolyte disturbance is frequently associated with gastrointestinal disorders?

1. Hypercalcemia

2. Hypokalemia

3. Hyperkalemia

4. Hyponatremia

The correct answer is: Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is frequently associated with gastrointestinal disorders, primarily due to the loss of potassium that can occur through processes such as vomiting, diarrhea, or excessive use of laxatives. The gastrointestinal system is crucial for fluid and electrolyte balance, and disturbances in this system can lead to significant shifts in electrolyte levels. In cases of vomiting, there is a loss not only of gastric contents but also of potassium, especially in prolonged or severe episodes. Similarly, diarrhea can result in the excessive loss of electrolytes, including potassium, which can lead to hypokalemia. Conditions that affect the absorption of nutrients, like malabsorption syndromes, can also result in disturbances in electrolyte levels, including potassium. Understanding the mechanisms behind electrolyte balance helps clarify why hypokalemia is a common finding in various gastrointestinal disorders. In such cases, monitoring potassium levels becomes critical to avoid complications from low potassium levels, such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac irregularities.