ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

What is the most common cause of pruritus ani in the pediatric patient population?

1. Candida

2. Lichen planus

3. Pinworms

4. Seborrheic dermatitis

The correct answer is: Pinworms

The most common cause of pruritus ani in the pediatric population is pinworms, also known as Enterobius vermicularis. This intestinal parasitic infection is particularly prevalent among children, often leading to intense itching around the anal area. The lifecycle of pinworms involves the female worm laying eggs in the perianal region, which can cause irritation and the characteristic itching, especially at night when the eggs are laid. Parents may notice their child scratching the area, which can lead to secondary infections if skin integrity is compromised. In a school setting, pinworm infections can easily spread among children, making it a common concern in pediatric care. Identifying and treating pinworm infections typically involves the use of antiparasitic medications, along with measures to improve hygiene and prevent reinfection, such as frequent hand washing. While other causes such as Candida, lichen planus, and seborrheic dermatitis can contribute to skin issues in children, they are less commonly associated with isolated pruritus ani compared to the significantly higher incidence linked with pinworm infections.