ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

What vitamin deficiency is most likely indicated in a woman with a diagnosis of osteomalacia?

1. Hypervitaminosis E

2. Hypervitaminosis K

3. Hypovitaminosis A

4. Hypovitaminosis D

The correct answer is: Hypovitaminosis D

The most likely vitamin deficiency indicated in a woman with a diagnosis of osteomalacia is a deficiency in vitamin D. Osteomalacia is characterized by the softening of bones due to a lack of mineralization, primarily caused by inadequate levels of vitamin D. This vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphate, two critical minerals for maintaining bone health. A deficiency in vitamin D leads to decreased calcium absorption in the gut and subsequently can contribute to reduced bone mineralization, resulting in osteomalacia. Symptoms may include bone pain, muscle weakness, and an increased risk of fractures. While hypervitaminosis E, hypervitaminosis K, and hypovitaminosis A are related to other nutritional or metabolic disorders, they do not typically manifest as osteomalacia. Therefore, recognizing the importance of vitamin D in maintaining proper bone health is crucial in understanding the diagnosis of osteomalacia and the associated vitamin deficiencies.