ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which condition is characterized by the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder?

1. Cholecystitis

2. Cholelithiasis

3. Pancreatitis

4. Appendicitis

The correct answer is: Cholelithiasis

The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is specifically referred to as cholelithiasis. This condition involves the formation of stones, which are solid particles that form from bile components. The term "cholelithiasis" derives from Greek, where "chole" refers to bile and "lithiasis" means stone formation. Cholecystitis, on the other hand, is an inflammation of the gallbladder that often occurs as a complication of cholelithiasis. While both conditions are related, cholecystitis specifically signifies the inflammation rather than the presence of the stones. Pancreatitis involves inflammation of the pancreas and is often not directly related to gallstones, unless it occurs due to bile duct obstruction caused by a stone. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix and is unrelated to gallstone conditions. Thus, cholelithiasis is the term that accurately describes the condition characterized solely by the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.