ROSH Gastrointestinal Practice Exam

Which of the following is a common complication in patients receiving long-term therapy with antibiotics?

1. Candida infection

2. Herpes infection

3. Esophageal varices

4. Gastric ulcers

The correct answer is: Candida infection

A common complication in patients receiving long-term therapy with antibiotics is Candida infection. This occurs because antibiotics disrupt the normal balance of flora in the gastrointestinal tract. By eradicating not only the harmful bacteria but also the beneficial microorganisms, the growth of opportunistic pathogens such as Candida can be unchecked, leading to infections. Candida, a type of yeast, can colonize various mucosal surfaces, particularly after antibiotic treatment, resulting in conditions like oral thrush or vaginal candidiasis. In contrast, other infections such as those caused by viruses like herpes are not typically associated with antibiotic use, as antibiotics target bacteria specifically. Conditions like esophageal varices are related to liver disease or portal hypertension rather than antibiotic use. Gastric ulcers can be influenced by various factors, including infection with H. pylori or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but are not a direct consequence of long-term antibiotic therapy.